2. Albalasmeh, A.A., Berhe, A.A., Ghezzehei, T.A. (2013). A new method for rapid determination of carbohydrate and total carbon concentrations using UV spectrophotometry. Carbohydrate Polymers, 97, 253-261. [DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.04.072]

3. Anonymous. (2015). Statistical information of agricultural crops production in Iran. Department of Statistics. Ministry of Jihad-e-Keshavarzi (in Persian).

4. Azevedo Neto, A.D., Prisco, J.T., Eneas-Filho, J., de Abreu, C.E.B., Gomes-Filho, E. (2006). Effect of salt stress on antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in leaves and roots of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive maize genotypes. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 56, 87-94. [DOI:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.01.008]

5. Ballester, G.F., Garcia-Sanchez, F., Cerda, A., Martinez, V. (2003). Tolerance of citrus rootstock seedlings to saline stress based on their ability to regulate ion uptake and transport. Tree Physiology, 23, 256-271. [DOI:10.1093/treephys/23.4.265]

6. Bandeoglu, E., Eyidogan, F., Yucel, M., Oktem, H.A. (2004). Antioxidant response of shoots and roots of lentil to NaCl Salinity stress. Plant Growth Regulation, 42, 69-77. [DOI:10.1023/B:GROW.0000014891.35427.7b]

7. Bates, L.S., Waldern, R.P., Teare, I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39, 205-207. [DOI:10.1007/BF00018060]

8. Bohnert, H.J., Nelson, D.E., Jensen, R.G. (1995). Adaptations to environmental stresses. Plant Cell, 7, 1099-1111. [DOI:10.2307/3870060]

9. Cabrera, R.I., Perdomo, P. (2003). Reassessing the salinity tolerance of greenhouse roses under soilless production conditions. HortScience, 38, 533-536. [DOI:10.21273/HORTSCI.38.4.533]

10. Cabrera, R.I., Solis-Perez A.R., Sloan, J.J. (2009). Greenhouse rose yield and ion accumulation responses to salt stress as modulated by rootstock selection. HortScience, 44, 2000-2008. [DOI:10.21273/HORTSCI.44.7.2000]

11. Demir Kaya, M., Gamze Oke, U., Atak, M., Yakup, C. (2006). Seed treatments overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). European Journal of Agronomy, 24, 291-295. [DOI:10.1016/j.eja.2005.08.001]

12. Ferreira-Silva, S.L., Silveira, J., Voigt, E., Soares, L., Viegas, R. (2008). Changes in physiological indicators associated with salt tolerance in two contrasting cashew rootstocks. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 20, 51-59. [DOI:10.1590/S1677-04202008000100006]

13. Grattan, S.R., Grieve, C.M. (1999). Salinity-mineral nutrient relations in horticultural crops. Scientia Horticulturae, 78, 127-157. [DOI:10.1016/S0304-4238(98)00192-7]

14. Gunes, A., Inal, A., Alpuslan, M., Fraslan, F., Guneri, E., Cicek, N. (2007). Salicylic acid induced changes on some physiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress and mineral nutrition in maize grown under salinity. Journal of Plant Physiology, 164, 728-736. [DOI:10.1016/j.jplph.2005.12.009]

15. Heath, R.L., Packer, L. (1968). Photoperoxidarion in isolated chloroplasts. I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 125, 189-198. [DOI:10.1016/0003-9861(68)90654-1]

16. Izzo, R., Navari-Izzo F., Quartacci M.F. (1991). Growth and mineral absorption in maize seedlings as affected by increasing NaCl concentrations. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 14, 687-699. [DOI:10.1080/01904169109364235]

17. Kasukabe, Y., Marshall, N., Fanton, B. (2004). Salt stress causes depletion in CO2 assimilation in Okra. Plant and Cell Physiology, 45, 1016-1019.

18. Kaya, C., Higges, D., Kirnak, H. (2021). The effects of high salinity (NaCl) and supplementary phosphorus and potassium on physiology and nutrition development of spinach. Journal of Plant Physiology, 127, 47-59.

19. Kumar, K., Xia, Y.P., Zhu, Zh., Le., Ch., Wijeratne, A.W. (2010). Some deleterious effects of long-term salt stress on growth, nutrition, and physiology of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) and potential indicators of its salt tolerance. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 33, 2010-2027. [DOI:10.1080/01904167.2010.512058]

20. Lichtenthaler, H.K., Wellburn, A.R. (1983). Determination of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents. Biochemical Society Transactions, 603, 591-592. [DOI:10.1042/bst0110591]

21. Lin, C.C., Kao, C.H. (1999). NaCl induced changes in ionically bounds peroxidase activity in roots of rice seedlings. Plant and Soil, 216, 147-153. [DOI:10.1023/A:1004714506156]

22. Mahboubi, M. (2016). Rosa damascena as holy ancient herb with novel applications. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 6, 10-16. [DOI:10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.09.005]

23. Mirmohamadi, A., Ghareyazi, B. (2002). Physiological aspect and breeding. Isfahan University of Thecnology Press. 276 p. (in Persian).

24. Mirzaei, S., Dastoory, M. (2018). Effect of drought and salt stress on physiological and morphological characteristics of the green covers (Phyla nodiflora L. and Frankenia thymifolia Desf.). Flower and Ornamental Plants, 3, 61-74 (in Persian).

25. Misra, A.N., Latowski, D., Strzalka, K. (2006). The Xanthophylls cycle activity in Kidnay Bean and Cabbage leaves under salinity stress. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 53, 102-109. [DOI:10.1134/S1021443706010134]

26. Munns, R. (2002). Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant Cell and Environment, 25, 239-250. [DOI:10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00808.x]

27. Nenova, V. (2008). Growth and mineral content ratios of pea plants under different salinity levels and iron supply. Journal of Plant Physiology, 34, 189-202.

28. Niu, G., Starman, T., Byrne, D. (2013). Responses of growth and mineral nutrition of garden roses to saline water irrigation. HortScience, 48, 756-761. [DOI:10.21273/HORTSCI.48.6.756]

29. Ozturk, L., Demir, Y., Unlukara, A., Karatas, I., Kurunc, A., Duzdemir, O. (2012). Effects of long-term salt stress on antioxidant system, chlorophyll and proline contents in pea leaves. Romanian Biotechnology Letters, 17, 7227-7236.

30. Parida, A.K., Das, A.B. (2005). Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 60, 324-349. [DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.06.010]

31. Pitman, M.G., Läuchli, A. (2012). Global impact of salinity and agricultural ecosystems. In: Läuchli, A. and Lüttge, U., (Eds.). Salinity: Environment-Plants-Molecules. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 3-20. [DOI:10.1007/0-306-48155-3_1]

32. Saber, M., Mobarak, Z.M., Salama, Z.A. (2019). Micronutrient spray as a tool to increase tolerance of rose to salinity. Proc. of XIV Intl. Plant Nutrition Colloquium, 28 July- 4 Aug., 2019, Hanover, Germany, pp. 422-423.

33. Sekmen, A.H., Turkan, I., Takio, S. (2007). Differential responses of antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation to salt stress in salt-tolerant Plantago maritima and salt-sensitive Plantago media. Physiologia Plantarum, 131, 399-411. [DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2007.00970.x]

34. Sherameti, I., Tripathi, S., Varma A., Oelmuller, R. (2008). The root-colonizing endophyte Pirifomospora indica confers drought tolerance in Arabidopsis by stimulating the expression of drought stress-related genes in leaves. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Journal, 21, 799-807. [DOI:10.1094/MPMI-21-6-0799]

35. Silveria, J.A., Viegas Rade, A., de Rocha, I.M., Moreira, A.C, Moreira Rade, A., Oliveira, J.T. (2003). Proline accumulation and glutamine synthetase activity are increased by salt-induced proteolysis in Cashew leaves. Journal of Plant Physiology, 16, 115-23. [DOI:10.1078/0176-1617-00890]

36. Sotiropoulos, T.E., Therios, I.N., Almaliotis, D., Papadakis, I., Dimassi, K.N. (2006). Response of cherry rootstocks to boron and salinity. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 29, 1691-1698. [DOI:10.1080/01904160600851650]

37. Storey, R., Gorham, J., Pitman, M.C., Hanson, M.G., Gage, D. (1993). Response of Melanthera biflora to salinity and water stress. Journal of Experimental Botany, 44, 1551-1561. [DOI:10.1093/jxb/44.10.1551]

38. Tavallali, V., Rahemi, M., Maftoun, M., Panahi, B., Karimi, S., Ramezanian, A., Vaezpour, M. (2009). Zinc influence and salt stress on photosynthesis, water relations, and carbonic anhydrase activity in pistachio. Scientia Horticulturae, 123, 272-279. [DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2009.09.006]

39. Tunctürk, M., Tunctürk, R., Yildirim, B., Ciftci, V. (2011). Effect of salinity stress on plant fresh weight and nutrient composition of some canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10, 1827-1832.

40. Viera Santos, C. (2004). Regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation by salt stress in sunflower leaves. Scientia Horticulturae, 103, 93-99. [DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2004.04.009]

41. Wahome, P.K., Jesch, H.H., Grittner, I. (2001). Mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in two rose rootstocks: Rosa chinensis 'Major' and R. rubiginosa. Scientia Horticulturae, 87, 207-216. [DOI:10.1016/S0304-4238(00)00168-0]

42. Yahya, A. (1998). Salinity effects on growth and on uptake and distribution of sodium and some essential mineral nutrients in sesame. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 21, 1439-1451. [DOI:10.1080/01904169809365494]

43. Yousfi, S., Wissal, M., Mahmoudi, H., Abdelly, C., Gharsalli, M. (2007). Effect of salt on physiological responses of barley to iron deficiency. Journal of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 45, 309-314. [DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.03.013]

44. Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in vitro. Methods in Enzymology, 105, 112-121. [DOI:10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05016-3]

45. Albalasmeh, A.A., Berhe, A.A., Ghezzehei, T.A. (2013). A new method for rapid determination of carbohydrate and total carbon concentrations using UV spectrophotometry. Carbohydrate Polymers, 97, 253-261. [DOI:10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.04.072]

46. Anonymous. (2015). Statistical information of agricultural crops production in Iran. Department of Statistics. Ministry of Jihad-e-Keshavarzi (in Persian).

47. Azevedo Neto, A.D., Prisco, J.T., Eneas-Filho, J., de Abreu, C.E.B., Gomes-Filho, E. (2006). Effect of salt stress on antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in leaves and roots of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive maize genotypes. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 56, 87-94. [DOI:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.01.008]

48. Ballester, G.F., Garcia-Sanchez, F., Cerda, A., Martinez, V. (2003). Tolerance of citrus rootstock seedlings to saline stress based on their ability to regulate ion uptake and transport. Tree Physiology, 23, 256-271. [DOI:10.1093/treephys/23.4.265]

49. Bandeoglu, E., Eyidogan, F., Yucel, M., Oktem, H.A. (2004). Antioxidant response of shoots and roots of lentil to NaCl Salinity stress. Plant Growth Regulation, 42, 69-77. [DOI:10.1023/B:GROW.0000014891.35427.7b]

50. Bates, L.S., Waldern, R.P., Teare, I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39, 205-207. [DOI:10.1007/BF00018060]

51. Bohnert, H.J., Nelson, D.E., Jensen, R.G. (1995). Adaptations to environmental stresses. Plant Cell, 7, 1099-1111. [DOI:10.2307/3870060]

52. Cabrera, R.I., Perdomo, P. (2003). Reassessing the salinity tolerance of greenhouse roses under soilless production conditions. HortScience, 38, 533-536. [DOI:10.21273/HORTSCI.38.4.533]

53. Cabrera, R.I., Solis-Perez A.R., Sloan, J.J. (2009). Greenhouse rose yield and ion accumulation responses to salt stress as modulated by rootstock selection. HortScience, 44, 2000-2008. [DOI:10.21273/HORTSCI.44.7.2000]

54. Demir Kaya, M., Gamze Oke, U., Atak, M., Yakup, C. (2006). Seed treatments overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). European Journal of Agronomy, 24, 291-295. [DOI:10.1016/j.eja.2005.08.001]

55. Ferreira-Silva, S.L., Silveira, J., Voigt, E., Soares, L., Viegas, R. (2008). Changes in physiological indicators associated with salt tolerance in two contrasting cashew rootstocks. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 20, 51-59. [DOI:10.1590/S1677-04202008000100006]

56. Grattan, S.R., Grieve, C.M. (1999). Salinity-mineral nutrient relations in horticultural crops. Scientia Horticulturae, 78, 127-157. [DOI:10.1016/S0304-4238(98)00192-7]

57. Gunes, A., Inal, A., Alpuslan, M., Fraslan, F., Guneri, E., Cicek, N. (2007). Salicylic acid induced changes on some physiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress and mineral nutrition in maize grown under salinity. Journal of Plant Physiology, 164, 728-736. [DOI:10.1016/j.jplph.2005.12.009]

58. Heath, R.L., Packer, L. (1968). Photoperoxidarion in isolated chloroplasts. I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 125, 189-198. [DOI:10.1016/0003-9861(68)90654-1]

59. Izzo, R., Navari-Izzo F., Quartacci M.F. (1991). Growth and mineral absorption in maize seedlings as affected by increasing NaCl concentrations. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 14, 687-699. [DOI:10.1080/01904169109364235]

60. Kasukabe, Y., Marshall, N., Fanton, B. (2004). Salt stress causes depletion in CO2 assimilation in Okra. Plant and Cell Physiology, 45, 1016-1019.

61. Kaya, C., Higges, D., Kirnak, H. (2021). The effects of high salinity (NaCl) and supplementary phosphorus and potassium on physiology and nutrition development of spinach. Journal of Plant Physiology, 127, 47-59.

62. Kumar, K., Xia, Y.P., Zhu, Zh., Le., Ch., Wijeratne, A.W. (2010). Some deleterious effects of long-term salt stress on growth, nutrition, and physiology of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) and potential indicators of its salt tolerance. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 33, 2010-2027. [DOI:10.1080/01904167.2010.512058]

63. Lichtenthaler, H.K., Wellburn, A.R. (1983). Determination of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents. Biochemical Society Transactions, 603, 591-592. [DOI:10.1042/bst0110591]

64. Lin, C.C., Kao, C.H. (1999). NaCl induced changes in ionically bounds peroxidase activity in roots of rice seedlings. Plant and Soil, 216, 147-153. [DOI:10.1023/A:1004714506156]

65. Mahboubi, M. (2016). Rosa damascena as holy ancient herb with novel applications. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 6, 10-16. [DOI:10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.09.005]

66. Mirmohamadi, A., Ghareyazi, B. (2002). Physiological aspect and breeding. Isfahan University of Thecnology Press. 276 p. (in Persian).

67. Mirzaei, S., Dastoory, M. (2018). Effect of drought and salt stress on physiological and morphological characteristics of the green covers (Phyla nodiflora L. and Frankenia thymifolia Desf.). Flower and Ornamental Plants, 3, 61-74 (in Persian).

68. Misra, A.N., Latowski, D., Strzalka, K. (2006). The Xanthophylls cycle activity in Kidnay Bean and Cabbage leaves under salinity stress. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 53, 102-109. [DOI:10.1134/S1021443706010134]

69. Munns, R. (2002). Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant Cell and Environment, 25, 239-250. [DOI:10.1046/j.0016-8025.2001.00808.x]

70. Nenova, V. (2008). Growth and mineral content ratios of pea plants under different salinity levels and iron supply. Journal of Plant Physiology, 34, 189-202.

71. Niu, G., Starman, T., Byrne, D. (2013). Responses of growth and mineral nutrition of garden roses to saline water irrigation. HortScience, 48, 756-761. [DOI:10.21273/HORTSCI.48.6.756]

72. Ozturk, L., Demir, Y., Unlukara, A., Karatas, I., Kurunc, A., Duzdemir, O. (2012). Effects of long-term salt stress on antioxidant system, chlorophyll and proline contents in pea leaves. Romanian Biotechnology Letters, 17, 7227-7236.

73. Parida, A.K., Das, A.B. (2005). Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 60, 324-349. [DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.06.010]

74. Pitman, M.G., Läuchli, A. (2012). Global impact of salinity and agricultural ecosystems. In: Läuchli, A. and Lüttge, U., (Eds.). Salinity: Environment-Plants-Molecules. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 3-20. [DOI:10.1007/0-306-48155-3_1]

75. Saber, M., Mobarak, Z.M., Salama, Z.A. (2019). Micronutrient spray as a tool to increase tolerance of rose to salinity. Proc. of XIV Intl. Plant Nutrition Colloquium, 28 July- 4 Aug., 2019, Hanover, Germany, pp. 422-423.

76. Sekmen, A.H., Turkan, I., Takio, S. (2007). Differential responses of antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation to salt stress in salt-tolerant Plantago maritima and salt-sensitive Plantago media. Physiologia Plantarum, 131, 399-411. [DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2007.00970.x]

77. Sherameti, I., Tripathi, S., Varma A., Oelmuller, R. (2008). The root-colonizing endophyte Pirifomospora indica confers drought tolerance in Arabidopsis by stimulating the expression of drought stress-related genes in leaves. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Journal, 21, 799-807. [DOI:10.1094/MPMI-21-6-0799]

78. Silveria, J.A., Viegas Rade, A., de Rocha, I.M., Moreira, A.C, Moreira Rade, A., Oliveira, J.T. (2003). Proline accumulation and glutamine synthetase activity are increased by salt-induced proteolysis in Cashew leaves. Journal of Plant Physiology, 16, 115-23. [DOI:10.1078/0176-1617-00890]

79. Sotiropoulos, T.E., Therios, I.N., Almaliotis, D., Papadakis, I., Dimassi, K.N. (2006). Response of cherry rootstocks to boron and salinity. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 29, 1691-1698. [DOI:10.1080/01904160600851650]

80. Storey, R., Gorham, J., Pitman, M.C., Hanson, M.G., Gage, D. (1993). Response of Melanthera biflora to salinity and water stress. Journal of Experimental Botany, 44, 1551-1561. [DOI:10.1093/jxb/44.10.1551]

81. Tavallali, V., Rahemi, M., Maftoun, M., Panahi, B., Karimi, S., Ramezanian, A., Vaezpour, M. (2009). Zinc influence and salt stress on photosynthesis, water relations, and carbonic anhydrase activity in pistachio. Scientia Horticulturae, 123, 272-279. [DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2009.09.006]

82. Tunctürk, M., Tunctürk, R., Yildirim, B., Ciftci, V. (2011). Effect of salinity stress on plant fresh weight and nutrient composition of some canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10, 1827-1832.

83. Viera Santos, C. (2004). Regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation by salt stress in sunflower leaves. Scientia Horticulturae, 103, 93-99. [DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2004.04.009]

84. Wahome, P.K., Jesch, H.H., Grittner, I. (2001). Mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in two rose rootstocks: Rosa chinensis 'Major' and R. rubiginosa. Scientia Horticulturae, 87, 207-216. [DOI:10.1016/S0304-4238(00)00168-0]

85. Yahya, A. (1998). Salinity effects on growth and on uptake and distribution of sodium and some essential mineral nutrients in sesame. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 21, 1439-1451. [DOI:10.1080/01904169809365494]

86. Yousfi, S., Wissal, M., Mahmoudi, H., Abdelly, C., Gharsalli, M. (2007). Effect of salt on physiological responses of barley to iron deficiency. Journal of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 45, 309-314. [DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.03.013]